| Kulsprutepistol m/45 (Kpist m/45) | |
|---|---|
Carl Gustav m/45 on display |
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| Type | Submachine gun |
| Place of origin | Sweden |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1945–2007 (Sweden) |
| Used by | See Users |
| Wars | Vietnam War Congo Crisis Israeli-Arab conflict |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1944 |
| Manufacturer | Carl Gustafs Stads Gevärsfaktori Maadi Factories, Egypt |
| Produced | 1945–1964 (Sweden) 1965–1970 (Egypt) |
| Number built | approx. 300,000 |
| Variants | m/45, m/45B, m/45C, m/45D, m/45S, Port Said, Akaba, US Navy modification (no official designation) with suppressor. |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | 3.35 kg without magazine |
| Length | 550/808 mm |
| Barrel length | 212 mm |
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| Cartridge | 9x19mm Parabellum |
| Action | Simple (straight) Blowback |
| Rate of fire | 600 round/min |
| Muzzle velocity | 425 m/s |
| Effective range | 250 m |
| Feed system | 36-round box magazine |
Kulsprutepistol m/45 (Kpist m/45), also known as the Carl Gustav M/45 and the Swedish K SMG, is a 9 mm Swedish submachine gun designed by Gunnar Johnsson, adopted in 1945 (hence the m/45 designation), and manufactured at the Carl Gustafs Stads Gevärsfaktori in Eskilstuna, Sweden. The m/45 was the standard submachine gun of the Swedish Army from 1945 to the late 1990s. It was gradually replaced in Swedish service by updated Ak 4 and Ak 5 assault rifles. The last users of the m/45, the Swedish Home Guard (Hemvärnet), retired it from service in 2003.
The m/45 SMG was developed in 1944–45, with a design borrowing from and also improving on many design elements of earlier submachine guns. The sheet metal stamping techniques used in making the German MP 40, the British Sten, and the Soviet PPSh-41 and PPS-43 were studied in detail. Two designs were tested in 1944, one from Carl Gustafs Stads Gevärsfaktori and one from Husqvarna Vapenfabriks AB and the prototype from Carl Gustafs Stads Gevärsfaktori was chosen for further development. The first production version was adopted in 1945 as the Kpist m/45. The Danish Hovea M/49 SMG, although similar in appearance, is not a version derived from the m/45. The Hovea was a development of the failed test contender (fm44) from Husqvarna Vapenfabriks AB.
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The standard m/45 is a fully automatic only weapon without any option for semi-automatic fire. It weighs 3.3 kg (7.3 lbs.) unloaded, and 4.2 kg (9.25 lbs.) loaded with a 36-round box magazine. It is 808 mm (31.8 in.) long with the stock extended, and 550 mm (21.7 in.) long with the stock folded. The m/45 is an open bolt design with a fixed firing pin. The relatively slow cyclic rate of fire (550–600 rds/min.) and low recoil of the bolt-mechanism actuation (straight blowback) makes it easy to control during full automatic fire. Single shots are also easy to achieve (with very little training) by letting go of the trigger before another round is cycled. The m/45 is fairly accurate up to 200 meters.
Accessories include a special sub-caliber barrel (painted silver) for firing blanks and low-powered gallery ammunition. When firing blanks, a cone shaped blank firing adapter must be attached to the threaded muzzle of the sub-caliber barrel (and secured by a clip) to ensure the mechanism has adequate pressure for its recoil operation. Other accessories include night sights (war-time use only) that attach to the fixed day sights (f: protected post, r: L-type), a brass catcher for collecting spent cartridges (peace-time use only, for reloading and recycling), a quick-detachable (by attached cord) ejection port cover (painted bright red) for guard duty which secures the bolt from accidental firing and a speedloader (rarely issued due to limited availability) that loads the 36-round magazine in seconds. The m/45 was also issued with a standard cleaning kit containing a threaded cleaning rod, threaded jag and a container for the jag, lubricant and cleaning patches. The standard sling issued was made of leather, attached to the rear left receiver and left barrel-sleeve sling bars.
The 36-round straight detachable staggered row box magazine is wider at the rear than at the front, the extra space allows the 9 mm Parabellum cartridges to feed more efficiently in dusty environments and sub-zero temperatures. The trapezium design makes the magazine very reliable, because magazines of parallel-side design are more likely to jam under adverse conditions. The magazine was used post-war by Finland in the M/31 Suomi under the designation m/54, a distinguishing feature of the variation m/55 (made by Lapua) is a steel wire carrying loop mounted at the bottom front edge. The basic design idea of the m/45 magazine was also used for the magazines of the Czech model 23 and model 25 and the French MAS submachine guns.
The m/45 has no safety switch. Instead the m/45 is put in "safe" by sliding the cocking handle into a short side-slot above the main (lock) slot. In the example US Army photograph, this short safety side-slot is visible behind the rear L-sight. This design feature results in a somewhat longer time to ready the weapon for firing, because the soldier must remove his right hand from the pistol grip and trigger, as if operating a bolt-action rifle. When the m/45 is unloaded the bolt is locked in place in the bolt-forward position by pushing the cocking handle downwards, engaging a hole in the lower left receiver wall.
The Swedish armed forces have phased out the Kpist m/45 submachine gun from inventory, officially declaring it obsolete.
In addition to Sweden, several other countries have used and/or produced the weapon. The Irish Army used the Carl Gustav M/45 during the Congo Crisis in the 1960s, during the Lebanese Civil War in the 1970s and during The Troubles. It was replaced in the Irish Army's inventory by the Steyr AUG, a compact assault rifle comparable in size to some submachine guns. The m/45 SMG has also been used by Egypt, Indonesia and the United States, with versions of the weapon being produced in Egypt and the U.S.
The m/45 has been manufactured under license in Egypt as the Port Said and the Akaba. The tooling needed for production, as well as technical assistance, was sold by Sweden to Egypt during the 1950s. The Port Said looks and functions exactly as the m/45 while the Akaba is a modified and simplified version. The Akaba has no barrel jacket and a slightly shorter barrel and the folding butt stock has been replaced by a telescoping wire butt stock similar to the one used on the US M3A1 and the French MAT-49 sub machine guns. The simplified sights of the Akaba were moved to the front (unprotected post) and back (protected peep) of the receiver.
During the Vietnam War, the US Navy SEALs used the Carl Gustav m/45 SMG extensively. One of the guns qualities, which appealed to the Navy was that the m/45 can fire almost immediately out of the water (over the beach). It also saw use by CIA operatives and advisers. In US service it was largely known as the "Swedish-K" or "K-Rifle". The US Navy was so impressed by the m/45 that when Sweden embargoed the export of weapons to the USA in 1966, Smith & Wesson was tasked to produce a copy. This was designated the Smith & Wesson M76. However, by the time when the M76 was ready for combat deployment, the US Navy had ended most SEAL missions in Asia. Many of the m/45's used by US forces and agencies were "sanitized", which means that they were devoid of any markings, implicating clandestine use.[2] During the 1980s, MK Arms manufactured the MK-760; it is a carbon copy of the Smith & Wesson M76.
One variant used by the Navy SEALs used a modified M3 suppressor. Heavy, cumbersome and lacking in service life, it was soon replaced by a Swedish made suppressor.